People could easily share issues and events happening with friends, get assistance with school work quickly, or even flourish friendships in the comfort of your own home. Before this, only telephones and email existed. This was the beginning of SNS, texting, social media, and instant communication. People were able to communicate with anyone online around the country and the world. Even though many current technologies like this did not stem directly from the creation of AOL Instant Messenger, it was the first in a long line of of online messaging systems. It was a large part of many people’s first experiences with technology and instant communication. The amenities that the system provided were new, exciting and accessible by most. It made online chatting between friends possible and added many customizable features allowing each user to make it their own. It took instant messaging and turned it into something everyone could use. As the early 2000s came and went, and the possibility of online messaging and soon mobile messaging came about, AIM took a steady decline that lead to its end coming this December.ĪIM is revolutionary, then and now. Bosco and Harris joined the program about 1996 and the buddy list flourished into instant messaging after overcoming hurdles of crashing and overloading servers. In the days of dial up internet, where an hourly fee was charged to be logged on to AOL, Appelman wanted a way to see if other AOL users were online. The creation of AIM came from from the idea of creating a buddy list by Appelman in 1994. The program stemmed from three engineers Barry Appelman, Eric Bosco and Jerry Harris in the early 1990s. AOL Instant Messenger was revolutionary during the time of new emerging technology in the 1990s. There were no emojis and no mobility, but you could pick your screen name and customize your profile. The user could add cool designs into your bio to personalize it and there was no fill in the blanks, so the creativity was endless. It included a buddy list where all your friends’ user names were saved and it showed their online or offline status. People of all ages were using AIM, from young middle schoolers to older working adults. Abbreviations like “GTG” and “TTYL” boomed through this system. AIM was the platform that encouraged online chatting and instant messenger lingo to take off. Available from only a desktop computer, it was one of the first instant chat systems created that spread far and wide. AOL Instant Messenger, AIM, was created in 1997 by AOL accidentally and became the leading instant messenger online chat system in North America. On December 15, AOL Instant Messenger will be shutting down for the final time after 20 years of service.
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For example, you might have mostly 2B hair, but identify a few areas that look more like type 2A or type 2C. It is also possible to have more than one hair type. Type 2B, however, has a little more lift at the root of the hair. Volume – Type 2A hair tends to have less volume at the root.If it looks like it’s in a definitive S-shape, then your curls are type 2B. Strand shape – Inspect a strand from your head.So if your hair tends to lean towards frizzy, you most likely have 2B curls. Frizz test – The texture of 2B hair lends itself to increased frizziness.If you’re not sure if you have 2A or 2B curls, there are a few ways you can check your strands: Thicker strands than 2A hair types but thinner strands than 2C hair types.Hair up near the scalp tends to lie flat against your head.S-shaped waves that start part way down your hair. Type 2B hair typically has the following characteristics: This hair system can help you understand what hair products and styling advice make the most sense for your hair. They also tend to have thicker strands than the other letters in their number type.
The interface interaction of spline connection is an important source of rotor system nonlinearity, which may cause complex dynamic characteristics and even unstable, such as self-excited vibration, leading to drastic decreases in machine performance. However, the mechanical discontinuity of the spline coupling allows for a certain degree of angular misalignment and relative sliding between their internal and external components. Spline shafts are widely used in modern high-speed rotating machineries such as gas turbines, aero engines, and automotive drive trains due to their compact structure, higher load-carrying capacity, and good durability. The obtained results show that the NES can not only effectively reduce the vibration of the rotor system in the vicinity of resonance, but also alleviate the large amplitude of self-excited vibration simultaneously, which may provide helpful guidance for the dynamic design of complex rotor systems. Lastly, the mitigation of the rotor self-excited vibration is realized and the mechanism of NES suppressing self-excited vibration by strong modulated response is elucidated. Several numerical analyses are conducted to investigate the suppression performance of the NES under the condition of different load torque. The NES is then employed for the self-excited vibration suppression and the optimum parameters of the NES are obtained through the rotor vibration response surface. The corresponding friction-induced vibration and the instability mechanism are explored through the time-frequency analysis. A nonlinear dynamic model for a spline-shafting system incorporating the non-smooth friction interface is developed. This study focuses on the effective suppression of large-amplitude self-excited vibrations in spline-shafting systems using a nonlinear energy sink (NES). However, there is still a lack of effective control methods to prevent the unstable vibration of the rotor system. The rotating instability and corresponding non-synchronous vibrations seriously affect the long-term operations of modern high-speed rotating machinery. Our approach here is to remove square brackets from the start and end of the stringified list and then split the stringified list using the split() method. Example of stringified list is: "" and we want to convert it to a list type. Here we want to convert a stringified list to a list. Convert Stringified list to list - Using strip() and split() Here our need is for a string so we pass the string to the constructor. You can pass any object to the constructor, including a string, a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, etc. The constructor takes a single argument, which is the object to be converted to a list. The list() constructor returns a list by converting the given object to a list. Python String To List using list() Constructor Using list comprehension # using list comprehensionģ. Using range() function # using range to loop String Using similar logic, we can convert a string to a list of characters.īut this time put every character as a separate element in the list.Ĭonverting a string to a list of characters # convert string to list of characters At the end of the loop, append the last word to the list.Ĭonverting a string to a list of words # convert string to list using for loop.If the character is a space (means we found a space) then append the string word to the list.Character by character we will get the word. Loop through each character in the string, if the character is not a space then append it to the string word.Initialize an empty string to store the word.Initialize an empty list to store the list of words.Here we will use for loop to convert a string to a list. Loops can be a universal path to solving any repetitive task if you can find the pattern in the problem. If you want to check the data type of the list then use the type() method. This is the best way to convert string to list in Python.Ĭonvert a string into list of words # convert string to list of words If the string is not specified or is None, then the algorithm will split the string at the space. It splits a string into a specified place and returns a list of strings. The split() is a built-in string method in Python. Convert stringified list to list using json.loads().Convert stringified list to list using strip() and split().Print(str.split()) # default split at space Here is an example to convert a string to a list. If no argument is passed then it will split the string at the space. Pass a string parameter to the split() method to cut the given string at the specified places. Use the split() method to convert a string to a list. If you are in a hurry then here is a quick solution to convert a string to a list. Converting a stringified list to list a list.Converting a string to a list of characters, each character is a separate element in the list.Separating a string at specific places and putting it into a list.Converting a sentence to a list of words, each word is a separate element in the list.When you think of converting a string to a list, then you may come around different cases: In this article, you will learn 6 ways to convert string to list in Python. Paraphrasing Tools Use NLP Libraries in Python.Python find index of all occurrences in list. Python list comprehension multiple conditions.Python replace character in string by index.Check if string contains substring in Python. In addition, you can watch the trailer below, and marvel at the gorgeous art aesthetic.įor more on RunGunJumpGun here at Indie Obscura, be sure to find out why we're so excited about ThirtyThree's RunGunJumpGun, our interview with RunGunJumpGun developers ThirtyThree, and all the things you can't touch in our RunGunJumpGun preview. If you’re not convinced, be sure to tune into IndieObscura’s Twitch channel today at 5pm (EST) to watch us play during our Indie Wednesday Stream! We highly recommend checking out RunGunJumpGun on Steam and grabbing it for yourself. Buy RunGunJumpGun: Special Atomik Edition Includes 2 items: RunGunJumpGun, RunGunJumpGun - Soundtrack/Special Edition Upgrade Bundle info 9.98 Add to Cart About This Content The RunGunJumpGun Original Digital Soundtrack comes with all of the thumping tracks featured in the game, and includes numerous 'Cutting Room Floor' tracks. The worlds are colorful and engaging, and the pulsing soundtrack helps keep us pumped up as we move along. RunGunJumpGun Game for Ultra, 1440X2560 HD phone wallpaper License: Original wallpaper info: PC(720P, 1080P, 2K, 4K, 5K): iMac: MacBook: Dual monitor. There’s no power-ups, boosts, or extra characters to spend 0.99 on, just 120. However, despite the fact that the game requires the usage of only two buttons, it still manages to be complex. There aren’t any hidden strings attached either, as you’re buying everything with your three buck purchase. There are only two buttons you need to concern yourself with in the game, R-shift and L-shift. If you touch any of the dangers you’re instantly whisked back to the beginning of the level, and will have to try again. If you’ve ever played Flappy Bird, Super Meat Boy, or even that weird online game QWOP, you’ll certainly feel at home in RunGunJumpGun. We had the opportunity to test out the game, and instantly fell in love with it despite the keyboard-smashingly hard difficulty level. With this gun, you can use it in a jetpack-like fashion to propel yourself forward through the levels, and you can also use it to shoot various dangers and obstacles. Hyperkinetic side-scrolling action platformer Atomik: RunGunJumpGun will launch for Switch via the Nintendo eShop on February 8 for 7. Developed by ThirtyThree, RunGunJumpGun is an insanely difficult sci-fi platformer where your only asset is a gigantic gun. Buy online: RunGunJumpGun est un jeu de plateforme en 2D vous torturer les neurones, qui vous met entre les mains une arme anti-gravit ultra puissante. Over the last few weeks, we’ve been growing more and more excited for the release of RunGunJumpGun. The silver certificates were superseded in 1960 by muntbiljet for 1 and 2 1⁄ 2 guilders, which were issued until 1985. Further issues for 50 cent and 1 guilder were introduced in 1940. The government issued silver certificates (zilverbonnen) between 19 for 1⁄ 2, 1 and 2 1⁄ 2 guilders. The Surinaamsche Bank introduced 50 guilder notes in 1901, followed by 10 guilders in 1915, 200 guilders in 1925, 50 guilders in 1926, 100 guilders in 1927, 5 guilders in 1935, 2 1⁄ 2 guilders in 1940, 25 guilders in 1941, 1000 guilders in 1943 and 300 guilders in 1948. The Surinamese guilder suffered from high inflation in the beginning of the 1990s. dollar at a rate of 1.88585 guilders = 1 dollar. In 1940, following the occupation of the Netherlands, the currency (along with the Netherlands Antillean guilder ) was tied to the U.S. The Surinamese guilder (Dutch: gulden SRG) was initially at par with the Dutch guilder. On the notes, the currency is expressed in the singular, as is the Dutch custom. Initially, only coins were available, with banknotes delayed until mid-February, reportedly due to a problem at the printer, the Canadian Bank Note Company. The dollar replaced the Surinamese guilder on 1 January 2004, with one dollar equal to 1000 guilders. Suriname is the only state outside Europe where Dutch is spoken by a majority of the population. C apital (and largest city): Paramaribo. On 25 November 1975, the country of Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become an independent state. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south.It is the smallest country in South America. In addition to $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100 and $1,000 banknotes, we have categories for chartered notes from other banks, notes from the Dominion of Canada (before the Bank of Canada) and uncut sheets of notes from the mint.Suriname is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. For example, the $1,000 notes are quite rare and only available occasionally.Ĭheck out our Canada Paper Money Featuring 1, 2 and 5 Dollar Notes Certain subcategories are only sometimes in stock. You will find many interesting designs helping to tell the story of Canada.Ĭategories of Paper Money at Colonial Acres CoinsĬanada paper money is divided into subcategories, primarily by denomination. This often goes hand in hand with age, but the rarest and most valuable notes are almost always limited series.Įxplore the choices in our collection. Furthermore, anti-counterfeiting measures embedded into banknote designs tell a fascinating story of the evolution of money.Īs with coins, paper money typically becomes valuable due to rarity. They can have colourful and complex styles that are not possible on coinage. One of the main advantages of paper notes is the opportunity for designs. Paper money offers collectors different points of interest than coins. However, today, only the $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100 notes remain in use. This included 10 denominations ranging from $1 to $1,000. Starting in 1935, the Bank of Canada started issuing the nation’s official paper money. Although they never reached public circulation, some special notes issued during this time had denominations of up to $50,000! These were used by banks for money transfers. Following Confederation, the national government continued this. The colonial governments began issuing dollar-denominated paper money around the 1840s. Interestingly, many of these early notes were denominated in both shillings/pounds and Canadian dollars. These notes came from the British Army and were brought about due to a shortage of coins during the War of 1812.īanknotes were later issued by various banks, starting with the Bank of Montreal in 1817. It wasn’t until 1813-1815 that paper money was issued in the country. When Canada was first colonized, settlers exclusively used coins and valuables for bartering. SHOP NOW History of Paper Money in Canada There is a possibility that you may sustain a loss of some or all of your investment and therefore you should not invest money that you cannot afford to lose. Before deciding to trade foreign exchange, you should carefully consider your investment objectives, level of experience, and risk appetite. Risk Warning: Trading foreign exchange on margin carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. The Comision National del Mercado de Valores (CNMV) has determined that Forex/CFDs are not appropriate for retail clients residing in Spain due to their complexity and high risk. Orbex LTD – incorporated in Saint Vincent & the Grenadines under number 248) whose registered office is at First Floor, First St Vincent Bank LTD Building, James Street, Kingstown is owned by Orbex Services Limited and is operated by Orbex Global Limited. The registered office is at 9A CT House, 2nd floor, Providence, Mahe, Seychelles. Orbex Limited, Seychelles Company, registered under number 8429881-1 and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) under Securities Dealer’s License number SD110. Orbex Global Limited is authorized and regulated by Mauritius Financial Services Commission “FSC” (View License), with registered address: Ground Floor, The Catalyst, Silicon Avenue, 40 Cybercity, 72201 Ebène, Republic of Mauritius. Our team of experts is meticulously trained to keep up with market trends and provide top-tier services across the board – from technological innovation and investment research to trading conditions and customer support. With over a decade of market-leading service and several award titles to our name, Orbex is a financial industry veteran with a renowned reputation and a strong global presence. Orbex is also a proud member of the Investor Compensation Fund. All client data is thoroughly backed up and highly encrypted, and all client funds are kept segregated from proprietary company accounts. Orbex employs advanced technologies to provide a secure online trading environment. 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El seminario “La música que no se escucha”, que tuvo lugar en el marco del Festival Zeppelin 2003, se concibió precisamente con la intención de ofrecer algunos conceptos y modelos teóricos útiles para empezar a pensar esta práctica, partiendo de la necesidad de revisar las tipologías de la escucha heredadas de la tradición musicológica. Esta modalidad de escucha tan habitual está sin embargo poco estudiada: es compleja y escurridiza, y sin duda requiere una aproximación interdisciplinar. Ante la proliferación de músicas a nuestro alrededor, la actitud de escucha distraída e intermitente se ha convertido prácticamente en norma: es lo que llamamos “escucha ambiental”. Además, la música acompaña también buena parte de los productos audiovisuales que consumimos a lo largo del día, aunque muchas veces ni siquiera seamos conscientes de su presencia. Calles y plazas, transportes, supermercados, casas particulares, restaurantes, tiendas de moda y no tan de moda, entornos de trabajo, sitios públicos y menos públicos, son lugares donde suenan a menudo músicas de una u otra especie, muchas de las cuales fueron compuestas originalmente para ser escuchadas en un entorno de atención. "En nuestra vida cotidiana de habitantes del llamado “mundo occidental” abundan las situaciones en que la música suena mientras estamos ocupados en alguna otra actividad. Keywords Popular urban music, base song, version, cover, original theme, reference theme To study recognizing conditions of a version, it is necessary to adopt social-cognitive processes which regulate the dynamics of second grade orality or mediatized orality. The main theories range from the ones which give the ontological status of eternal autographic song to the recorded versions and the others which perceive popular music as a huge intertextual network in which every song is a statement-performance of a general communication easily shared code or system producing very similar entities. The relationship between a cover version and its “original” song or other cover versions is linked to the philosophical problem of the identity and its ways of existence of popular songs. For this study, the concept of “original” is problematic as alternative notions are proposed to designate specific functions as reference cover version, current cover version, base song, dominant o hegemonic version. Its scope goes from imitation to the production of a brand new theme song from tribute to deconstruction from concealment to commentary, critical interpretation or satire. Palabras clave Música popular urbana, tema base, versión, cover, tema original, tema de referencia ABSTRACT The cover version updates and transforms a song previously recorded. Para el estudio de las condiciones de reconocimiento de una versión, se han tomado en cuenta los procesos socio-cognitivos que regulan las dinámicas de oralidad de segundo grado u oralidad mediatizada. Las principales teorías oscilan entre las que otorgan a la grabación el estatuto ontológico de obra autográfica-eterna y aquellas que consideran la música popular como una inmensa red intertextual donde cada canción es una enunciación- performance de un código o sistema de comunicación general compartido ampliamente y productor de entidades muy similares. La relación de una versión con su “original” y con otras versiones se vincula con el problema filosófico de la identidad y los modos de existencia de la canción popular. Para su estudio, el concepto de “original” es problemático por lo que se proponen nociones alternativas para designar funciones específicas como versión de referencia, versión actual, canción de base, versión dominante o hegemónica, etc. Va de la imitación a la producción de un tema derivado del homenaje a la deconstrucción del enmascaramiento al comentario, interpretación crítica o sátira. RESUMEN La versión actualiza y transforma un tema grabado anteriormente. This module currently won't help you with that.
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